Platform on concrete and steel in construction
The circular economy is coming
The gallery can last for decades again after the renovation.

The circular economy is coming

Major role for management and maintenance of concrete structures

The ambitions of the Government-wide Program "The Netherlands Circular in 2050" are high. So is the reduction in the consumption of primary raw materials, which must be halved by 2030. Whether we will achieve these ambitions, we will definitively know in 7 and 27 years. But we will make it difficult, if not impossible, for ourselves if more attention is not paid to maintenance, argues the Concrete Maintenance Platform (BOP). That's why the concrete repair industry is hosting the Southern Concrete Repair Afternoon on March 30 in which it aims to show policymakers, property owners and managers in particular how to make a greater contribution to a circular economy. "No circular economy without concrete maintenance."

Maintenance costs plotted over time.

Everyone is talking about circular thinking and a circular economy. Circular construction is also on the rise. According to the BOP, the focus is then generally on designing new sustainable, adaptive and life-resistant buildings and new civil constructions with a low MKI score or even completely climate neutral. "Maintenance gets unjustifiably little attention in this," argue Anthony van den Hondel, chairman of BOP and KB knowledge center and Jelle Lecluijze, BOP board member. Lecluijze: "Everyone knows the butterfly model of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation. The right half describes the technical cycle that deals with constructions and consumer goods. The inner circle of this technical cycle is about renovation and maintenance. This very circle provides the most value retention and thus contributes the most to the circular economy. Despite this, maintenance is still not taken for granted and considered too much as a cost to be minimized."

Lifetime

Concrete occupies a special place in this story. It is the most widely used building material worldwide and also in the Netherlands. "It can have a very high lifespan," Van den Hondel explains. "The Panteon in Rome has been standing for 1,800 years and in the Netherlands much of our prosperity and wealth has also been built with concrete over the past 150 years. But the quality of concrete is mostly mediocre, so it is expected that already in the age of twenty to forty years corrosion of the reinforcement will occur while these structures should last at least a hundred years! Moreover, in the Netherlands we are facing an enormous replacement task in, for example, infrastructure and with a growing number of buildings that are nearing or have already reached the end of their technical lifespan. The question is whether this replacement task will succeed. Does the Department of Public Works have the budget to carry it out over the next decade? And how will corporations deal with the nitrogen crisis? With the upcoming carbon restrictions and the expected inconvenience of construction work, the pressure on conservation is getting bigger and bigger. I think at the moment there is too little effort to maintain buildings, artworks and other structures."

'It can last a while longer'

Lecluijze illustrates this with a graph plotting maintenance costs over time. "Structures made of concrete remain good for a very long time until damage occurs. In 75% of cases, this damage is caused by reinforcement corrosion, popularly called concrete rot. This is the beginning of the ascending line. In that ascending line of increasing damage is the point where action is taken, usually too late and forced because it becomes too dangerous, for example. Timely maintenance would have limited or even prevented the damage. Preventive maintenance would have moved the entire line to the right. That means longer life and less use of scarce resources. What we still see too often is that damage is observed, that is still low on the upward curve, but then people say: leave it as it is, it can last a while longer. Certainly if it poses little risk, people do nothing about it."

Longevity penalized

According to Van den Hondel, maintenance is too little part of the system. "Take the Concrete Agreement, which focuses almost entirely on new construction. Then it is mainly about the composition of concrete mixtures, slimmer profiles in the supporting structure or demountable construction, but not about the positive environmental effect of the structures that are already there. That's the CO2 we've already spent once. Look, sometimes erecting a new building makes more sense, for example if it is much more energy efficient in use. But judged purely by the material, leaving it standing and maintaining it well is always better. What bothers me is that in all sustainability calculations for new buildings, you get a smaller footprint through a slightly slimmer construction, but a slightly heavier construction that lasts twice as long results in a points deduction. Conservation is not in the system; you are not compensated for it. But what you don't emit, now or in the future, is real savings that you have to make visible." 

Real estate needs to last longer

The BOP wants the greater focus on maintenance to land property managers as well. "Annually, more billions go into maintenance than into new construction," Van den Hondel continues. "In the profitability mindset of developers, however, maintenance often still plays a secondary role. You put something up and after 50 years, or even earlier, you demolish it again. Economically it has then already proven its worth to the owner. This is no longer tenable for a number of reasons. First, the cost of CO2 is very low now, but it is going to rise significantly in the foreseeable future. Then short-term strategies of demolition and new construction will suddenly become unprofitable and sensible maintenance will become much more attractive. Second, we have to deal with an increasing scarcity of resources and materials. We want to build some 900,000 homes in the Netherlands by 2030. We're already not going to achieve that. So why should corporations demolish tens of thousands of homes for replacement new construction? That will be on top of that. I would say: renovate as much as possible, that way you are working in a circular way as far as the construction is concerned, and perhaps you should be more creative with functionality - often a reason for demolition. Third, with the current replacement rate, homes should not last a hundred years but should be stretched to even 150 years. That means: longer and better maintenance. And not the old form of maintenance, which mainly consists of putting out fires and solving emergencies, but more attention to preventive and predictive maintenance. That saves enormously in costs." 

Anthony van den Hondel, president of BOP and the KB Knowledge Center and owner of CP Advice (specializing in cathodic protection).

Engine failure

With small things, oddly enough, things are often different, Lecluijze compares. "If the engine failure light in the car comes on, we drive to the garage right away, otherwise you might drive the engine into soup. Wooden window frames we have painted every five years, otherwise they rot out at some point. But this logical way of thinking does not seem to apply to buildings and works of art. There is relatively little budget for maintenance, while for all objects it is true that everything can be maintained and that small, timely investments prevent large expenses in the future."

An afternoon for futurists

With the 2030 and 2050 deadlines looming, we must change course. Van den Hondel: "We have to move from the linear economy to a circular economy. The price for CO2 that we will soon be paying is going to provide the compulsion for this. By extending the lifespan of structures, we can make a substantial contribution to these tasks. As a collective, the BOP has the knowledge to realize this and we want to spread the word. That is why we have focused the program of our upcoming Concrete Repair Afternoon on building managers and other future makers, as Daan Fousert calls them. Before the break, the program consists of society-wide stories about climate and leadership: how can we deal with the Climate Agreement? After the break, listeners are treated to success stories from the field. These include, for example, the high-quality reuse of the concrete girders of a viaduct in a new viaduct, a complex case of housing corporation Bo-Ex that reused materials from old flats, Vestia that cleverly managed to extend the lifespan of thirteen residential blocks, and a project at Chemelot where, on the basis of research by TNO, the lifespan of sixty-year-old industrial columns was extended by at least 25 years. Great examples from which policy makers, decision makers, executives, property owners and developers can learn a lot." 

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